UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (OHCHR) 

CEDAW General Recommendation No. 39 (2022): Rights of Indigenous Women and Girls

Adopted by the UN CEDAW Committee on October 31, 2022, General Recommendation No. 39 is the first international legal standard dedicated specifically to the rights of Indigenous women and girls. The document establishes State obligations across nine areas: gender-based violence, access to justice, political participation, education, work, health, culture, land and territorial rights, food and water security, and the right to a clean and sustainable environment. It recognizes both individual and collective rights, affirms Free Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) as a binding standard, and explicitly applies to Indigenous women in both tribal territories and urban settings. This is the primary reference document for any Tribal Nation, Indigenous organization, or advocate using GR39 as a legal and policy tool.